Study on rural roads construction by utilisation of waste materials
Research into new and innovative uses of waste material is continually advancing. Many highway agencies, private organizationss, and individuals are in the process of a wide variety of studies and research projects concerning the feasibility, environmental suitability, and performance of using recycled products in highway construction. The amount of wastes has increased year by year and the disposal becomes a serious problem. Particularly, the recycling ratio of the plastic wastes in life and industry is very low and many of them have been reclaimed for the reason of unsuitable ones for incineration. It is necessary to utilize the wastes effectively with technical development in each field. Expansive soils are so widely spread that it becomes impossible to avoid them for highway construction to keep the network structure for mobility and accessibility. However, the roads constructed on expansive soils suffer extensive damage and distress resulting in large economic loses running to billions of dollars. As thermal power plants are spatially distributed all over the country, the utilization of fly ash from these plants for the road construction, not only helps to consume bulk quantities of fly ash solving its disposal problem to a certain extent but also to satisfy the construction requirements. Reinforcement of soils with synthetic fibers is potentially an effective Technique for increasing soil strength. In recent years, this technique has been suggested for a variety of geotechnical applications ranging from retaining structure and earth embankments to subgrade stabilization beneath footings and pavements. Research on different types of reinforcement and materials has been conducted by several investigators. However, the amount of information available on randomly oriented fiber reinforcement is still limited. Here an attempt is made to the suitability of different types of waste plastics strips and waste tyre rubber chips reinforcing with gravel and flash in flexible pavement system on expansive soil subgrade. Commonly Gravel is considered to be suitable for road construction (MOST- 1998).
Published by: Kammampati Laxman
Author: Kammampati Laxman
Paper ID: V5I4-1291
Paper Status: published
Published: August 1, 2019
Designing a two-layer security algorithm for smart grid
Abstract Smart Grid (SG) is the next generation power grid which provides flexibility, reliability, and efficiency in generating, controlling, and distributing the electricity. The SG provides two-way communication between supplier and consumers and sensitive information is communicated on the network. The attackers try to steal this information to attack the grids and consumers for their benefits. Some of the most popular smart grid attacks are the key-based attack, data-based attack, impersonation-based attack, physical based attack. To overcome these issues, the cryptography algorithms and steganography algorithms are used. The cryptography algorithms are scrambled the message and transform into another form. The cryptography algorithms are categorized into two types. These are an asymmetric and asymmetric cipher. In the symmetric cipher same key is used for encryption/ decryption purposes. The symmetric cipher is further divided into types known as a block cipher and stream cipher. In the block cipher, the message is divided into fixed chucks and the same key, rounds are applied on each chuck. In the stream cipher, the plaintext and key bitwise XOR operation are performed. On the other hand, in asymmetric algorithms, two different keys are known as the public and the private key is used for encryption/ decryption purposes. In this thesis, a two-layer security algorithm is designed using lightweight cryptography and steganography algorithm which provide confidentiality as well as authentication. In which three algorithms are hybrid which includes PICO, Genetic Algorithm, and LSB algorithm. Initially, the secret data is encrypted using a lightweight PICO algorithm and initialization vector key is generated using a lightweight genetic algorithm. Further, the encrypted data is hidden in the image using the LSB algorithm. The proposed technique simulation results show that the proposed technique consume less memory, provide high avalanche effect and embedding capacity.
Published by: Gagandeep Sharma, Puneet Jain, Ravinder Singh
Author: Gagandeep Sharma
Paper ID: V5I2-1255
Paper Status: published
Published: July 31, 2019
Effective soil stabilization using Lime Sludge
Weak subgrade layers can decrease the designed service life of pavements significantly, and building of thicker top layers may be required. Weak local soil can be turned into an effective material by chemical soil stabilization. Class C Fly ash (CF), class F Fly ash (FF) and Portland Cement (PC) have been used for soil stabilization. Fly ash has been used by the concrete industry, and its popularity in the industry sometimes causes temporary shortages. PC is known to be the most expensive stabilizer among other stabilizers. In this research, Lime Sludge (LS) was investigated as an alternative stabilizer due to the benefits of using waste materials and the uncertain future of fly ash and PC. For this purpose, LS was used alone and with other stabilizers for soil stabilization, and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), freeze-thaw (F-T), wet-dry (W-D) tests and swelling test under F-T were conducted. The UCS test results of the specimens cured up to 90 days showed that LS can be used alone to increase the strength of the soil. The UCS test results of 7-day cured specimens pointed out LS can be mixed with CF and FF for further increase in strength. Using LS and PC together decreased the effect of PC because of a low pH environment. F-T test results of 7-day cured specimens showed that relatively higher strength losses were observed in the open system compared to the closed one. In addition, test results showed that there were no considerable benefits of using LS either alone or with other stabilizers on F-T durability. According to the W-D test results, the use of LS decreased the performance of PC and caused failures. Swelling test results under F-T showed that although the use of LS decreased the performance of other stabilizers, an optimum amount of LS (around 12%) could be used alone to reduce the swelling.
Published by: Durgasi Mohan Babu
Author: Durgasi Mohan Babu
Paper ID: V5I4-1285
Paper Status: published
Published: July 31, 2019
Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Valeriana jatamansi and Nardostachys jatamansi
For a long period of time, plants have been a valuable source of natural products for maintaining human health. In the last decade, there has been a more intensive study for natural therapies. The use of plant compounds for pharmaceutical purposes is gradually increasing in the world. The Himalaya is credited all over the world as a treasure of medicinal and aromatic plants, which in turn prove as a treasure of bioactive agents. Among these, a good fraction of species is critically endangered. Valerian originated from the Latin word “Valere” meaning ‘to be in good health’. Valerian and Nardostachys (a substitute) belong to the Valerianaceae (now Caprifoliaceae) family. Due to similar species name and some common components, these plants are used as the substitute of each other. The root extracts of Valeriana jatamansi and Nardostachys jatamansi in various solvents are investigated for their antimicrobial property using the agar diffusion method. The antioxidant properties of both plant root extracts are analyzed using DPPH assay. The root extracts are further subjected to Lipoxygenase enzyme inhibition assay (a kit based method) to determine the anti-inflammatory properties. Methanolic extracts of Valerian show better antimicrobial effect compared to Nardostachys. It also shows the better anti-oxidant property. In contrast, antifungal and the anti-inflammatory property are shown by Nardostachys is better as compared to Valerian. According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that the plants cannot be really used a substitute; as they show different properties.
Published by: N. H. Joglekar, Dr. S. S. Barve
Author: N. H. Joglekar
Paper ID: V5I4-1275
Paper Status: published
Published: July 31, 2019
Performance characteristics of 4-stroke single cylinder diesel engine, fueled with tyre pyrolysis oil and diesel
The present rate of consumption of GASOLINE would lead to a severe shortage of it within a further few decades. An urgency of finding an alternative fuel in its place has led to several types of research around the world. A study was carried out to evaluate the use of various TYRE PYROLYSIS OIL (TPO) blends with diesel fuel. Performance and emission characteristics of TPO blends with diesel on a single-cylinder direct-injection engine are presented in this study. In the initial stage, the test was conducted on four strokes single-cylinder diesel engines by using diesel and baseline data was generated. A constant speed will be maintained throughout the experiment. Then commercially available TPO was blended with diesel fuel at some volumetric ratios [(5% TPO ,95% DO) (10% TPO ,90%DO) (15% TPO ,85%DO) (20% TPO ,80%DO) (25% TPO ,75%DO) (30%TPO, 70%DO) (35% TPO ,65%DO) (40%TPO ,60%DO)] which will be going to give the performance characteristics and also to assess at what volumetric ratio the indicated thermal efficiency will be maximum and ISFC will be less when compared to only diesel blends. How will be the exhaust gas emissions which will be studied here, if the emissions are more then we will add some additives to decrease the emissions in further work.
Published by: K. Mohan Laxmi, M. Venkatesh, A. Satish Kumar
Author: K. Mohan Laxmi
Paper ID: V5I4-1271
Paper Status: published
Published: July 31, 2019
Performance comparison of DCO and ACO optical OFDM techniques
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) assumes a huge job in the modem media communications system. The range of wireless communication is limited, but this technology has many advantages over its counterparts. To cater to the advantages of OFDM a new concept known as optical OFDM came into realization. Using advantages of both optical communication and OFDM long-distance transmission is possible. This paper discusses the two variants of optical OFDM namely DC biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM) and asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) along with their basic advantages and mathematical description. The Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) mitigation techniques are discussed and simulation results are presents under various schemes.
Published by: Anuj Aawasthi, Dr. Manoj Kumar Shukla
Author: Anuj Aawasthi
Paper ID: V5I4-1284
Paper Status: published
Published: July 31, 2019
